What Creatures Are Most Affected by Oil Spills? Each one includes related planning and response considerations for oil spills which may affect these particularly sensitive organisms and habitats. We have a series of guidance documents that describe the biology of and impacts of oil on sea turtles, mangroves, and coral reefs. Oil can also smother some small species of fish or invertebrates and coat feathers and fur, reducing birds' and mammals' ability to maintain their body temperatures. This can affect organisms both from internal exposure to oil through ingestion or inhalation and from external exposure through skin and eye irritation. Spilled oil can harm living things because its chemical constituents are poisonous. Understanding both types of impacts can help spill responders minimize overall impacts to ecological communities and help them to recover much more quickly. In general, oil spills can affect animals and plants in two ways: from the oil itself and from the response or cleanup operations.
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